Developmental Changes in the Sterol Composition and the Glycerol Content of Cuticular and Internal Lipids of Three Species of Flies

Abstract

The glycerol concentration and the composition of cuticular and internal sterols in three medically and forensically important fly species, viz., Musca domestica, Sarcophaga carnaria, and Calliphora vicina, were analyzed. The cuticular and internal lipid extracts were separated by HPLC-LLSD, after which the sterol fraction was characterized by GC/MS in total ion current (TIC) mode. The cuticular lipids of M. domestica larvae contained seven sterols, while in pupae and females, six sterols were identified. Five sterols were found in the cuticular lipids of M. domestica males. The internal lipids of M. domestica larvae and pupae contained six and seven sterols, respectively, while those of male and female flies contained only five sterols. Sitosterol, cholesterol, and campesterol were the dominant sterols in M. domestica, while campestanol, stigmasterol, sitostanol, and fucosterol were identified in low concentrations or in traces. In contrast, cuticular and internal lipids of S. carnaria and C. vicina contained only cholesterol. Glycerol was identified in all stages of M. domestica, S. carnaria, and C. vicina. For all the three examined fly species, the present study clearly showed species-specific developmental changes in the composition of cuticular and internal sterols as well as in the glycerol concentration.