Abstract
KEE, DANIEL W.; BELL, TERECE STOVALL; and DAVIS, BERYL R. Developmental Changes in the Effects of Presentation Mode on the Storage and Retrieval of Noun Pairs in Children's Recognition Memory. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1981, 52, 268-279. 4 problems in children's paired-associate memory were addressed in this study: (1) reappraisal of the presumed developmental trend in presentation mode effect (i.e., the increasing superiority of pictorial over verbal presentations) during the grade-school year; (2) identification of the locus (storage vs. retrieval) of this developmental effect; (3) evaluation of the influence of combined presentation (verbal plus pictorial) relative to pictorial presentation on the storage and retrieval of pairs; and (4) evaluation of the effects of combined presentation relative to verbal presentation on the storage and retrieval of pairs. To these ends, 9 experimental conditions were partitioned into 3 experimental designs. A total of 576 children, drawn in equal numbers from 4 grade levels (kindergarten vs. second vs. fourth vs. sixth), memorized a 32-pair list of common nouns by the study-test recognition procedure. The results indicated an increasing superiority of pictorial over verbal presentations during the grade-school years. This grade X presentation mode interaction was observed in the storage phase of task performance but not in the retrieval phase of task performance. Combined presentation did not influence either the storage or retrieval of pairs relative to pictorial presentation. However, combined presentation enhanced the storage of pairs relative to verbal presentation. Furthermore, a developmental trend in combined presentation relative to verbal presentation was observed in the retrieval of pairs such that pair retrieval was facilitated by combined presentation with older children, while presentation mode (combined vs. verbal) did not affect the retrieval of pairs for younger children. The results from this study are discussed in terms of dual-coding and elaboration theories of paired-associate memory.
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