Developmental changes and the impact of isoflavones on mRNA expression of IGF-I receptor, EGF receptor and related growth factors in porcine skeletal muscle cell cultures

Abstract

Objective Soy that is widely used in human nutrition and in livestock production is a rich source of isoflavones. In addition to the estrogenic or antiestrogenic effects, isoflavones are suggested to affect cell growth via inhibition of protein tyrosine kinases (e.g. growth factor receptors). Therefore, the present in vitro-study was undertaken to determine, whether genistein and daidzein affect the mRNA expression of growth factor receptors (IGF-I receptor and EGF receptor) and their related growth factors in porcine skeletal muscle cell cultures. Design First, we investigated the basal mRNA expression of IGF-I, IGF-II, EGF, IGF-I receptor, and EGF receptor in proliferating and differentiating porcine skeletal muscle cell cultures using real-time PCR. Secondly, we measured the changes in the mRNA expression in these cell cultures treated with 0 (control), 1, 10, 100 μM genistein or daidzein over 26 h in serum-free medium ( n = 3). Results The mRNA expression of IGF-I was slightly decreased, whereas transcript concentrations of IGF-II and EGF were increased during differentiation compared with the proliferating stage of porcine muscle cell cultures. IGF-I receptor transcripts tended to be increased, whereas EGF receptor mRNA expression remained unchanged from proliferation to differentiation. Genistein and daidzein at 1 μM and 10 μM showed no effects on the mRNA expression of these genes, neither in proliferating nor in differentiating cells. However, high-concentrated isoflavones (100 μM) decreased the mRNA expression of IGF-I receptor and of the growth factors examined. Conclusions The present study confirms the role of the IGF and EGF system in proliferation and differentiation of skeletal muscle cell culture especially under serum-free culture conditions. Furthermore, the results of this in vitro-study suggest that there is no effect of isoflavones at concentrations resulting from dietary consumption (1 and 10 μM) on IGF- and EGF-associated gene expression in porcine skeletal muscle tissue. Genistein and daidzein at high concentration (100 μM) reduced the mRNA expression of the IGF-I receptor and the growth factors examined, and therefore, may modify their autocrine and paracrine actions in skeletal muscle tissue.