Abstract
BackgroundThere are few epidemiological data to support rehabilitation programs for cerebral palsy (CP). Scarce international studies described the developmental anomalies (DAs) among children with CP. To our knowledge, the Arab countries did not publish data regarding this topic. This study aimed to describe the percentage of DAs among children with CP and detect the association between clinical subtypes and impairment severity in children with various DAs. We collected registry data of 679 children with cerebral palsy, between 2014 and 2019, from Armed Forces Hospitals, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). We recorded demographic, perinatal, postnatal, developmental anomalies, subtypes, and impairment characteristics. We utilized the chi-square test to calculate the differences between groups.ResultsWe reported significant differences between the children with and without anomalies regarding the percentages of consanguinity, preterm labor, low birth weight, and neonatal intensive care unit admission (P = 0.001, 0.002, 0.003, 0.005, respectively). Congenital dysplasia of the hip and hydrocephalus was the most frequent skeletal and nervous anomalies among children with DAs (19.1% and 12.8%, respectively). The spastic bilateral pattern was significantly higher among children with skeletal anomalies than the central nervous system/other groups (P < 0.001). The nervous anomalies group had higher frequencies of severe intellectual, motor, speech, and visual disabilities and a higher percentage of seizures than all other groups.ConclusionsThe frequency of children with anomalies in this study was comparable to previous studies. Children with CP and nervous system anomalies had more severe motor disabilities and associated impairments.
Highlights
There are few epidemiological data to support rehabilitation programs for cerebral palsy (CP)
We reported significant differences between children with and without developmental anomalies (DAs) regarding the prevalence of consanguinity (57.4% versus 13.2%, respectively), preterm labor (27.7% versus 17.0%, respectively), low birth weight (LBW) (13.3 versus 6.3%, respectively), and admission to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) (17.0% versus 9.4%, respectively)
Twelve patients (6.4%) of the DAs group had Down syndrome, and 7.0% of all anomalies occurred in other systems (Table 2)
Summary
There are few epidemiological data to support rehabilitation programs for cerebral palsy (CP). Scarce international studies described the developmental anomalies (DAs) among children with CP. This study aimed to describe the percentage of DAs among children with CP and detect the association between clinical subtypes and impairment severity in children with various DAs. We collected registry data of 679 children with cerebral palsy, between 2014 and 2019, from Armed Forces Hospitals, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Cerebral palsy (CP) is a collective group of permanent, non-progressive, developmental disorders affecting body movement, balance, and posture. It remains a worldwide common cause of pediatric morbidity and disability despite the scientific advances in neonatal and maternal care over the last decades. Along with other neurological disorders of children, healthcare providers have not given CP high
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