Abstract
BackgroundThe new Global Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) guidelines advice to focus treatment in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) on improvement of functional state, prevention of disease progression and minimization of symptoms. So far no validated questionnaires are available to measure symptom and functional state in daily clinical practice. The aim of this study was to develop and validate the Clinical COPD Questionnaire (CCQ).MethodsQualitative research with patients and clinicians was performed to generate possible items to evaluate clinical COPD control. Thereafter, an item reduction questionnaire was sent to 77 international experts. Sixty-seven experts responded and the 10 most important items, divided into 3 domains (symptoms, functional and mental state) were included in the CCQ (scale: 0 = best, 6 = worst).ResultsCross-sectional data were collected from 119 subjects (57 COPD, GOLD stage I-III; 18 GOLD stage 0 and 44 (ex)smokers). Cronbach's α was high (0.91). The CCQ scores in patients (GOLD 0-III) were significantly higher than in healthy (ex)smokers. Furthermore, significant correlations were found between the CCQ total score and domains of the SF-36 (ρ = 0.48 to ρ = 0.69) and the SGRQ (ρ = 0.67 to ρ = 0.72). In patients with COPD, the correlation between the CCQ and FEV1%pred was ρ =-0.49. Test-retest reliability was determined in 20 subjects in a 2-week interval (Intra Class Coefficient = 0.94). Thirty-six smokers with and without COPD showed significant improvement in the CCQ after 2 months smoking cessation, indicating the responsiveness of the CCQ.ConclusionThe CCQ is a self-administered questionnaire specially developed to measure clinical control in patients with COPD. Data support the validity, reliability and responsiveness of this short and easy to administer questionnaire.
Highlights
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in industrialized and developing countries
Divergent validity Clinical COPD Questionnaire (CCQ) and lung function The CCQ scores and FEV1%pred correlated significantly in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), with the highest correlation between the total score and FEV1 %predicted (ρ = -0.49: p < 0.01)
In this study we developed and validated a questionnaire to measure clinical control in patients with COPD, the Clinical COPD Questionnaire (CCQ)
Summary
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in industrialized and developing countries. A great deal of attention has been paid to developing and validating quality of life questionnaires for patients with COPD in order to identify and treat the problems that are most important to these patients [4,5,6]. Health-related quality of life questionnaires were developed to help identify and treat the functional problems that are most important to patients with COPD. These questionnaires are being used extensively in clinical trials [7,8,9]. The aim of this study was to develop and validate the Clinical COPD Questionnaire (CCQ)
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