Abstract
Objectives:To develop “Urdu Receptive Language Scale (URLS)” for Urdu speaking Pakistani children of age 0-6 years.Methods:This exploratory study was done at mainstream schools and day care centers on children with normal language development between the ages of 0-6 years from 1st March 2016 to 31st August 2016, by using convenient sampling technique. Firstly, the items for the questionnaire were constructed from four sources: literature review, experts, parents and direct observation of 384 Children of same age. Secondly the constructed test items were sent to the field experts (SLP’s) for the purpose of improvement. Thirdly, after incorporation of suggestions, the improved items were securitized by Urdu experts and finalized. In the next step, these items were tested for Relevance, Ambiguity, Clarity and Simplicity from field experts. The developed scale was then analyzed for reliability and validity by SPSS Version-18.Results:Study resulted in a 59 items Urdu Receptive Language Scale with each age range having different test items distribution. The mean of the relevance, clarity, simplicity, and ambiguity of test items was 3.89. The Item content validity index value was one for each of the 59 items. The content validity index for the entire scale was also one. The Cronbach’s alpha was 0.948, which indicates a high level of internal consistency.Conclusion:The developed 59 Item Urdu Receptive Language Scale is reliable and valid tool for language assessment of Urdu speaking Pakistani children of 0-6 years age.
Highlights
Voice, speech and language are tools essential for human communication
The study was divided into two phases: Phase-1 included development of Urdu Receptive Language Scale (URLS) and Phase 2 included reliability and validity testing of the same
Phase 1: Development of the URLS Scale: Firstly, the items for the questionnaire were constructed from four sources: literature review, experts, parents and direct observation of n=384 children, Secondly the constructed test items were sent to the experts, Thirdly, after the improvement of questionnaire these items was again sent to Urdu experts and were finalized, Fourthly, items were tested for Relevance, ambiguity, clarity and simplicity from experts
Summary
Speech and language are tools essential for human communication. Voice is produced by the vibration of vocal cords, transformed intoCorrespondence: November 16, 2020 December 5, 2020 May 18, 2021 June 15, 2021Speech, which is the production of recognizable sounds by the articulators. Speech and language are tools essential for human communication. Voice is produced by the vibration of vocal cords, transformed into. Speech, which is the production of recognizable sounds by the articulators. Language is the act of speech with intuitions of an individual transformed into words of a language,[1] it is a system of conventional signs and symbols that people of particular region or community use to express ideas and feelings. Language contains socially shared codes and rules to communicate in a meaningful way and it can be expressed in verbal, non-verbal forms, both being important.[2] Language can be classified as receptive and expressive language.[3] Receptive language signifies comprehension, pertaining to critical elements of understanding of commands, stories and directions.
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