Abstract
In the face of the contradiction between the increasing demand for agricultural products and the sharp reduction of agricultural resources and labor force, agricultural robot technology is developing explosively on the basis of decades of technical and industrial exploration. In view of the complexity and particularity of the development of agricultural robot technology, it is of great value to summarize its development characteristics and make reasonable judgments on its development trend. In this paper, the type of agricultural robot systems was first discussed. From the classification of agricultural robot systems, the development of main types of monitoring robots, non-selective and selective working robots for crop farming, livestock and poultry farming and aquaculture were introduced in detail. Then the scientific research, core technology and commercialization of different types of agricultural robots were summarized. It is believed that navigation in complex agricultural environments, damage-free robot-crop interaction and agronomy-robot fusion have high scientific value and significance to promote the revolutionary advances in agricultural robot technology. The characteristics of inter-discipline between agricultural robot technology and new materials, artificial intelligence, bionics, agronomy are research focus. The fast damage-free operation, autonomous navigation for complex environments, target detection for complex backgrounds and special design for agricultural robots are considered to be the key technology of agricultural robot development, and the development path is given. Finally, robot-crop interaction simulation, big data support and artificial intelligence are regarded as paths to realize the breakthrough of key agricultural robot technologies. The summary and prospect of this paper are of positive significance to promote the overall development of agricultural robot technology. Keywords: agricultural robot, type, selective, non-selective, trend DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20211404.6821 Citation: Jin Y C, Liu J Z, Xu Z J, Yuan S Q, Li P P, Wang J Z. Development status and trend of agricultural robot technology. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2021; 14(4): 1–19.
Highlights
Today, with a global population of 7594 million, 430 000 people are still born every day
From the classification of agricultural robot systems, the development of main types of monitoring robots, non-selective and selective working robots for crop farming, livestock and poultry farming and aquaculture were introduced in detail
It is believed that navigation in complex agricultural environments, damage-free robot-crop interaction, and agronomy-robot fusion have high scientific value and significance to promote the revolutionary advances in agricultural robot technology
Summary
As a representative way and an inevitable trend of agricultural intelligence and modernization, agricultural robot technology is embracing unprecedented development opportunities today. The development of agricultural robots has a special complexity. It has a high degree of inter-discipline. Based on the high integrity of mechanical - electronic - information control of robot technology itself, biometric and statistics are further integrated into their own to the fragility, growth, and individual differences of biological objects. Compared with the traditional agricultural machinery which matches the mechanical manufacturing chain with a few electronic components and meters, the agricultural robot industry chain is more complex. It is of positive significance to the development of agricultural robot technology and industry to summarize its development characteristics under the conditions of the new times and make reasonable judgments on its development trend and direction
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