Abstract
We investigated several characteristics of the development and reproduction of the aphid Aulacorthum solani raised on soybean (Glycine max) at 10 constant temperatures between 2.5 and 30 °C, and described the relationship between temperature and several critical biological characteristics using mathematical models. We found that A. solani could survive and reproduce on soybean at temperatures ranging from 5 to 27.5 °C. High fecundity was observed at temperatures from 12.5 to 20 °C. The lower developmental threshold and thermal constant for this species’ nymphal stages were estimated to be 5.02 °C and 131.2 degree-days, respectively, using a linear model. The upper developmental threshold was estimated to be 33.9 °C using the Lactin-2 model. The optimum temperature for nymphal development was estimated to be 26.9 °C. The maximum total fecundity was estimated as ca. 76.9 nymphs per adult at 18.1 °C. The daily fecundity sharply increased at earlier adult ages, and slowly decreased thereafter until final parthenogenesis occurred, over a range of temperatures from 12.5 to 25 °C. The maximum daily fecundity was estimated to be ca. 6.1 nymphs per adult per day for a 5.2 day old of adult at 21.3 °C using an age- and temperature-dependent model of adult fecundity. In terms of life table statistics, the intrinsic rates of increase and the finite rate of increase were both highest at 25 °C, while the net reproductive rate was highest at 20 °C.
Highlights
The foxglove aphid, Aulacorthum solani (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a highly polyphagous insect
The mortality at 7.5 ◦ C increased to ca. 23%, but decreased again from 3.3% to 0% with increasing temperature
We investigated several characteristics of the development and reproduction of A. solani on soybean at 10 different temperatures, and described the relationship between temperature and this species’
Summary
The foxglove aphid, Aulacorthum solani (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a highly polyphagous insect. The number of host plants on which it can feed is as high as 540 identified species (or 688, including unidentified ones) from 33 orders and 82 families throughout the world; in Korea, it has been recorded to feed on 26 (identified) and up to a maximum of 30 plant species (including unidentified ones) from 10 orders and 13 families [1]. This aphid is a major pest of soybean, Glycine max L. In the results of two sequential scouting studies, maximum densities in September in Korea were recorded as ca. 4300 aphids per 20 hills [2] or ca. 7.4 aphids per leaf [5]
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