Abstract
The low chemical stability under environmental conditions of “Pitanga” leaf hydroethanolic extract (PLHE) can limit its application in industrial scale. It is known that this extract has high antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and that it must be stored under special conditions or encapsulated into W/O emulsions. The objective of this research was to encapsulate PLHE in a W/O emulsion, analyzing the effect of the concentration of the emulsifier and phase ratios on its droplet size, physical stability and viscosity. In general, the droplet size and stability of the W/O emulsions were affected by the concentrations of emulsifiers and phase ratios. The emulsion with a 20/80 W/O ratio and 3 g PGPR/100 g oil was chosen as the most stable formulation because they presented well distributed droplet sizes (unimodal distribution), the lowest D3,2 (0.25 ± 0.02 μm), the highest physical stability at 60 °C and presented Newtonian behavior. In conclusion, the W/O emulsion is able to encapsulate PHLE and can be applied to thermal processed foods.
Highlights
The “Pitangueira” tree (Eugenia uniflora L.) can be found in South America, Southern Asia and Africa (Arai et al, 1999)
Several researchers have demonstrated the high antioxidant activity of the “Pitanga” leaf ’s extracts (Garmus et al, 2014; Lorenzo et al, 2018; Schumacher et al, 2015; Vargas et al, 2016, 2019). These bioactivities are due to the presence of some phenolic acids and flavonoids (Bezerra et al, 2018; de Oliveira et al, 2018) and terpenoids (Garmus et al, 2014)
The aim of this study was to encapsulate PLHE in a W/O emulsion and analyze the effects of emulsifier concentrations and phase ratios on its droplet size and physical stability
Summary
The “Pitangueira” tree (Eugenia uniflora L.) can be found in South America, Southern Asia and Africa (Arai et al, 1999). Several researchers have demonstrated the high antioxidant activity of the “Pitanga” leaf ’s extracts (Garmus et al, 2014; Lorenzo et al, 2018; Schumacher et al, 2015; Vargas et al, 2016, 2019) These bioactivities are due to the presence of some phenolic acids and flavonoids (e.g. gallic acid, ellagic acid and myricitrin) (Bezerra et al, 2018; de Oliveira et al, 2018) and terpenoids (i.e. germacrene D and trans-caryophyllene) (Garmus et al, 2014). These active compounds are very sensitive to environmental conditions, such as light and oxygen, and their storage can be an important challenge
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