Development of Virtual Reality-Based Project-Based Learning Media and its Effectiveness for Historical Thinking Skills

Abstract

This development research aims to produce a Virtual Reality Media product based on Project Based Learning that is validated by experts and its effectiveness on Historical Thinking Skill. The development model used is the ASSURE Model. The development of this media has gone through stages of expert validation, user trials, small group trials, and main field trials involving 32 students to determine the level of effectiveness of the developed product. Data analysis was done using paired sample t-tests and effectiveness tests using eta squared formula. The expert validation results consisted of three experts: media design validation with a score of 4.5 (Above Average), subject matter validation with a score of 4.7 (Outstanding), and language validation with a score of 4.9 (Outstanding). In the user trial results, a score of 4.7 (Outstanding) was obtained. The expert validation results for media design showed that the media can be used with minimal revisions, while the validation results for subject matter, language, and user trials showed that the media can be used without revisions. The effectiveness test results of the media on historical thinking skills showed a value of 0.801 in the small group trial and a value of 0.61 in the large group trial, placing the effectiveness test results in the "large effect" category. Based on the effectiveness test results, the Virtual Reality media based on project-based learning has been proven to have a significant effect in improving students' historical thinking skills.