Abstract
Legislation regarding the reduction of harmful exhaust emissions, greenhouse gases and fuel consumption is one of the strongest drivers of development in automobile design. Emissions standards in the European Union (EU), USA and Japan determine not only maximum permissible emissions factors, but also emissions testing methods and laboratory design. BOSMAL has risen to meet these challenges by investing in a new, state-of-the-art emissions testing laboratory, housed within a climate chamber. This paper presents BOSMAL’s new M1/N1 vehicular emissions and fuel consumption laboratory in a climatic chamber for the testing of vehicles in accordance with the Euro 5 & 6 and US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) & California Air Resources Board (CARB) standards. The specifications, capabilities and design features of the sampling and analysis and climate simulation systems are presented and discussed in relation to the increasing drive for cleaner light duty road vehicles. A recently-installed particle number counting system is described in the context of European Union legislation on the emission of particle matter from CI and SI vehicles. The laboratory permits BOSMAL’s engineers to compete in the international automotive arena in the development and construction of new, more ecologically friendly and increasingly fuel efficient vehicles.
Highlights
Finite resources of liquid fossil fuels and the harmful emissions associated with the combustion of such fuels – together with international commercial competition – are the major factors driving automotive vehicle development
Vehicular transport is one of the biggest sources of harmful emissions and major changes in engine and vehicle design have been observed in the past few years in response to emissions reduction legislation
Emissions testing is carried out with the aid of sampling bags, modal analysis and a dilution tunnel. These facilities permit the execution of a wide range of emissions tests, including: – CVS bag diluted and raw tailpipe emissions testing to international standards [3, 8] – Modal analysis of diluted and raw tailpipe gases – Measurement of the air-fuel ratio and calculation of λ – Catalytic converter efficiency testing and determination of light-off time – CO2 emissions and fuel consumption measurement according to EU standards [9, 10] – Opacity measurements to EU standards [11, 12]
Summary
Finite resources of liquid fossil fuels and the harmful emissions associated with the combustion of such fuels – together with international commercial competition – are the major factors driving automotive vehicle development. The main trends in engine and vehicle design are currently driven by the requirements of legislation concerning harmful exhaust emissions and reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Vehicular transport is one of the biggest sources of harmful emissions and major changes in engine and vehicle design have been observed in the past few years in response to emissions reduction legislation
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