Development of Transethosomes Delivery System Loaded with Bouea macrophylla Griffith Seed Kernel Extract for Cosmeceutical Application

Abstract

This research aimed to develop and optimize transethosomes loaded with Bouea macrophylla Griffith seed kernel extract (B-SE). Firstly, extraction procedures using solvent fractionation with various polarity: hexane, ethyl acetate and 95% (v/v) ethanol. The physicochemical properties of B-SE were investigated in terms of partition coefficient (LogP), solubility and pH-stability. To optimize the transethosomes formulation, the compositions were varied in sorts of percent cosurfactant, types of cosurfactant, extract concentration, percent total surfactant and types of particle ingredients (phospholipid or cholesterol). The significant factors influencing physical characteristics of the transethosomes were statistically identified using the 25-1 fractional factorial design. Particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), percent entrapment efficiency (%EE) and ultrastructural morphology of the optimized formulation was then characterized. As a marker of B-SE, ellagic acid (EA) was identified by HPLC at a retention time of 32.506 ± 0.16 min. The LogP of B-SE was 0.17. B-SE was practically insoluble in water but freely soluble in propylene glycol and ethanol. The pH condition that stabilized the extract was pH-5. The optimized formulation, consisted of phospholipid, propylene glycol, TWEEN 20, SPAN 80 and 2.5 mg/ml of B-SE presenting particle sizes of 79.72 ± 2.42 nm, PDI of 0.26±0.02 and %EE of 83.10±0.03% along with a spherical particle shape. To conclude, the optimized transethosomes loaded with B-SE fabricated by phospholipid and propylene glycol has desirable attributes for further developing into an anti-acne cosmeceutical. Nonetheless, the bioactivities and safety profile of the transethosomes were necessary for further investigation. Keywords: Bouea macrophylla Griffith, Transethosomes, Ellagic acid, Fractional factorial design, Nanocarrier