Abstract
Vessel traffic service (VTS) is important to protect the safety of maritime traffic. Along with the expansion of monitoring area per VTS operator in Tokyo Bay, Japan, inexperienced operators must acquire the ability to quickly and accurately detect conditions that requires attention (CRAs) from a monitoring screen. In our previous study (Song B, Itoh H, Kawamura Y, Fukuto J (2018) Analysis of Cognitive Processes of Operators of Vessel Traffic Service. In: Proceedings of the 2018 International Association of Institutes of Navigation. IAIN 2018, pp 529–534, Song et al., J Jpn Inst Navig 140:48–54, 2019), we established a task analysis method based on the assumption that the cognitive process model consists of three stages: “situational awareness”, “situation judgment”, and “decision making”. A simulation experiment was conducted for VTS operators with different levels of ability and their cognitive processes were compared based on the observation of eye movements. The results showed that the inexperienced operators’ abilities to predict situation changes were lower. And it was considered that oral transmission of the knowledge is difficult, thus new training methods are needed to help the inexperienced operators to understand the prediction methods of experienced operators. In this study, based on the cognitive process of an experienced operator, we analyzed the prediction procedures of situation changes and developed an educational tool called vessel traffic routine (VTR). The training method learning VTR aims to quickly improve inexperienced VTS operators’ abilities to predict situation changes. A simulation verification experiment of the VTR effect was conducted for four inexperienced operators, who were divided into two groups with and without prior explanation of VTR. By evaluating the cognitive processes of inexperienced operators, it was confirmed that those given prior explanations of VTR were better at detecting CRAs.
Highlights
In the modern age of science and technology, the use of operation supporting systems is indispensable regardless of the type of operation
We develop a training method for improving vessel traffic services (VTSs) operators’ abilities, our study belongs to the first category
We propose vessel traffic routine (VTR), which is a package of knowledge required for VTS operators to predict the situation changes of CRAs
Summary
In the modern age of science and technology, the use of operation supporting systems is indispensable regardless of the type of operation. As the systems develop, it becomes important to improve humans’ abilities for efficient and accurate operation with them. In addition to the expansion of the VTS area and increasing work volume, technical assistance to improve the abilities of VTS operators is required. Among VTS operations, vessel behavior monitoring starts with the detection of conditions that require attention (CRAs). Fast and accurate detection of CRAs from VTS monitoring screen can prevent the occurrence of the risk. To acquire this detection ability, it is important to first fully understand the task of detecting CRAs. in our previous study, we conducted a traffic management simulation experiment for operators with different levels of ability; hereafter, this experiment is referred to as the “previous experiment”. We found that inexperienced operators did not detect many CRAs because their abilities to predict the situation changes of CRAs were low
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