Abstract
ABSTRACT Increasing occurrences of blue-green algal blooms in lakes throughout the western United States have been linked to recreational use, sewage inputs, and nonpoint runoff from agricultural and grazing sources. In certain instances these blooms produce toxins that can be lethal to fish, aquatic invertebrates, mammals, and humans. Black Lake in northern Idaho has experienced late summer and fall growths of a toxic alga, Anabaena flos-aquae. Demonstrated fatal toxicity to cattle and small mammals occurred in 1981, 1982, 1983, and 1985. The eutrophication and subsequent toxic blooms in Black Lake can be related to its large nonpoint nutrient input from the surrounding watershed. The presence or absence of cattle on adjacent meadows may be a major determining factor in bloom formation. Despite a high proportion of sediment (55 percent) exposed to anaerobic conditions during summer stratification, it appears that internal loading alone does not play a significant role in the triggering of a toxic bloom i...
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