Abstract
This paper describes the effect of silicon on the manufacturing process, structure, phase composition, and selected properties of titanium aluminide alloys. The experimental generation of TiAl–Si alloys is composed of titanium aluminide (TiAl, Ti3Al or TiAl3) matrix reinforced by hard and heat-resistant titanium silicides (especially Ti5Si3). The alloys are characterized by wear resistance comparable with tool steels, high hardness, and very good resistance to oxidation at high temperatures (up to 1000 °C), but also low room-temperature ductility, as is typical also for other intermetallic materials. These alloys had been successfully prepared by the means of powder metallurgical routes and melting metallurgy methods.
Highlights
There is currently extensive research on intermetallics for high temperature applications, especially for the automotive, aviation, and cosmic applications [1,2,3]
Titanium aluminides are of the greatest importance for the automotive industry, when turbochargers made of TiAl intermetallic alloys have already started to be used in passenger cars [4]
The preparation of TiAl–Si alloy is very difficult using Melting Metallurgy (MM). This is due to the very high melting point of intermetallic compounds, high melt reactivity with crucibles [43], damage to crucibles, and melt contamination
Summary
There is currently extensive research on intermetallics for high temperature applications, especially for the automotive, aviation, and cosmic applications [1,2,3]. High temperature applications use nickel superalloys in aviation-related applications, such as engine turbines Another widely used material is heat-resistant steels, the great advantage of which is the relatively simple production [10]. Titanium alloys with other light elements (aluminum, silicon) are very promising materials for applications at higher temperatures [13,14], especially for use in structural applications operating under static load and at the same time high temperatures [15]. Their biggest advantage is the low density, which ranges around 4 g·cm−3 [16,17]
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