Abstract
Abstract At present, many railway stations, in spite of being architecturally valuable, are subject to de-capitalization and degradation, which increasingly leads to demolition including elements or even entire railway stations of historical importance. Therefore, there arises a need to transform these facilities – as well as their nearby surroundings – into service areas not only for railway passengers but also for the consumer or tourist. This article presents an overview of the types of development of functional and spatial areas around a railway station, as well as the building itself, on selected examples in cities of Poland. In past historical periods, the surroundings of railway stations often became the new core of the studied centres, creating new urban structures. Train station forecourts, as well as access roads leading to railway stations, became specific links of railway infrastructure, the main points of which were railway stations, with the original urban layout. Unfortunately, the decline in the importance of rail transport has contributed to the recession and degradation of these spaces, and often to changes in their functions. This article refers to the concept of redevelopment of the railway station area, which emphasizes the creation of hubs integrating various modes of transport on the one hand, and transforming the area around the stations into an area of development of new business activities, on the other. Some of the discussed train stations have undergone a thorough renovation (e.g. Kraków Główny, Katowice and Poznań Główny), frequently in an attempt to allude to global trends in the commercialization of space and transport integration within station squares. However, this poses a problem and a challenge for decision-makers attempting to redevelop such facilities and the spaces associated with them.
Highlights
With the development of industry, railways became an increasingly important factor accelerating the spatial expansion of towns and cities
Each city is subject to different social and economic conditions which change over time, but in spite of these, the spatial structure from the point of view of rail transport is organized by two basic elements
Railway stations constitute a form of connection with the spatial structure of a city, and their mutual interaction adjoins the area of the railway station
Summary
With the development of industry, railways became an increasingly important factor accelerating the spatial expansion of towns and cities. Each city is subject to different social and economic conditions which change over time, but in spite of these, the spatial structure from the point of view of rail transport is organized by two basic elements These are railway hubs, in this case railway stations with local and regional businesses concentrating around them, and the connections between the hubs, i.e. railways (RODRIGUE ET AL., 2006). The stations were selected in such a way as to show a diversity of investments in urban space and they are significant cross-service hubs in Poland – Katowice, Cracow and Poznań These facilities constitute a reference to worldwide attempts to develop railway station areas, but the locations of the stations in relation to their urban systems are different
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