Abstract
The matter of such a dangerous geological process as suffosion is briefly considered in the article. Some examples of destruction and removal of the suffusion unstable breeds on the contact with the concrete structure are given. Sone cases of vertical (downward and upward) and sloping streams in relation to a concrete construction are considered. It is proved that after the formation of the primary underground channel the suffosion process passes into the erosive one. This transition is smoothly and gradual, hidden from the immediate observation. However, the erosive process development leads to the repeated increase in the intensity of the incoherent soil destruction. In case of existence of soil removal zone, not only the large underground channel is formed, but also large cavities in the zone of contact of the concrete structure and the soil massif are formed. It quite often leads to the emergency situations. Studied the example of the Zagorsk PSPP-2 (ZPSPP-2). The development of the erosive process under the ZPSPP-2 building led to the formation of large cavities (up to 10 m) and to the general subsidence of the building of the plant and of the retaining wall 3 (RW3) on 1.17 m down.
Highlights
The suffosion is included in the list of natural influences, dangerous to construction, along with such processes as landslides, karst and processing of reservoirs shores, on the other hand, it is considered only in the paragenesis with them and it is not recognized as the self-contained geological process [1, 2, 3]
Upon the formation of the channel, connecting the entrance cavity, through which water enters, with the area of removal the mechanical suffosion takes the form of the underground erosion, which is meant to be the destructions of rocks, caused by the suffosion, including the erosion of the bottom of the channels by running water [3]
The underground erosion, which develops in the zone of contact with the concrete structure, depending on the spatial arrangement of the erosive channel and on the direction of water driving includes vertical and inclined or horizontal suffosion-and-erosive streams
Summary
The suffosion is included in the list of natural influences, dangerous to construction, along with such processes as landslides, karst and processing of reservoirs shores, on the other hand, it is considered only in the paragenesis with them and it is not recognized as the self-contained geological process [1, 2, 3]. According to the Construction Regularities 116.13330.2012, the suffosion is the destruction and removal of separate components and large mass of the disperse and hardpan detrital breeds, including composing building blocks of rocky massifs, by a stream of ground waters [4]. Upon the formation of the channel, connecting the entrance cavity, through which water enters, with the area of removal the mechanical suffosion takes the form of the underground erosion, which is meant to be the destructions of rocks, caused by the suffosion, including the erosion of the bottom of the channels by running water [3]. The separation of the particles and units of the soil with their subsequent movement along the stream to the area of removal is facilitated. Sandy loams and loessial breeds are the easiest to be washed away [5]
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