Abstract
Development of cluster structures is a priority for the knowledge and information economy development and an important prerequisite for effective strategic partnership of logistically and geographically related entities of the economic system. The practice of tourism business shows that it is in the conditions of the development of enterprises cluster systems that will be able to form unique competencies, optimally use the resource potential and strategic opportunities, and obtain synergistic and multiplicative economic benefits. Given the situation, tourism clusters development is considered one of the most promising formats of strategic partnership and predetermines the theoretical field of modern scientific research. The need for a constructive rethinking of the mechanisms of economic actors’ convergence based on cauterization; definition of preconditions, stages, and processes of formation and development of tourism clusters is an unsolved theoretical and applied problem. The article is devoted to the procedures identification and interpreting the formation of tourism clusters; systematizing the conditions and factors influencing the clasterization in Ukraine. The work developed recommendations for the successful development of tourism clusters, in particular, the author’s vision of identifying structural and functional components of the tourism cluster; establishing interrelations and relationships between participants; definition of tourist attractiveness of the destination for the development of cluster initiatives; algorithmization of the participant’s entry to the cluster; developing scenarios for the development of tourism clusters in Ukraine. The results of determining the participants’ interaction intensity in the tourism cluster are presented, and the effectiveness of the cluster system development based on a set of economic, social and environmental criteria is evaluated.
Highlights
Global and crisis transformations cause structural and functional changes in the development of both the domestic and world tourism systems
In Ukraine, the impact of tourism on the economy is negligible (Mazaraki et al, 2013, 2015). This is confirmed by the low share of the employed in the domestic tourism industry, which does not reach 0.1% of the employment, the small contribution of tourism income to the gross domestic product of the country, which fluctuates within 0.5-1%, the incompetence of the national tourism system, the lack of strategic cooperation of tourism business entities, which does not correspond to the potential of tourism development in comparison with countries having similar tourism potential
It is clear in the matrix that for the investigated Based on the data obtained and matrix approach- period, the company moved from the quadrant 5 es to the organization positioning, we propose to to quadrant 2 (deterin the tourism cluster on two indicators – “clus- mined by a more favorable relationship of attracter attractiveness”, that is, the estimating the intensity of the input resource it is appropriate for the enterprise to perform clusstream) and “business opportunities”
Summary
Global and crisis transformations cause structural and functional changes in the development of both the domestic and world tourism systems. In Ukraine, the impact of tourism on the economy is negligible (Mazaraki et al, 2013, 2015) This is confirmed by the low share of the employed in the domestic tourism industry, which does not reach 0.1% of the employment, the small contribution of tourism income to the gross domestic product of the country, which fluctuates within 0.5-1%, the incompetence of the national tourism system, the lack of strategic cooperation of tourism business entities, which does not correspond to the potential of tourism development in comparison with countries having similar tourism potential. Cluster systems will provide high performance; consolidate the efforts of tourism business and government authorities to create a high-quality tourism product to meet current and potential tourist demand (Sokolenko, 2011; Pavlovic et al, 2014; Szekely, 2014)
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