Development of the Japanese version of the Other As Shamer Scale using item response theory

Yoichi Hiramatsu,Yasuhiro Kotera,Ayumu Endo,Toshihiko Sensui,Eiji Shimizu,Jaskaran Basran,Kenichi Asano,Ken Goss

doi:10.1186/s13104-020-05027-z

Abstract

ObjectiveExternal shame reflects a person’s anxiety that he or she might be rejected by others. The Other as Shamer Scale (OAS) is a scale for assessing external shame. The Japanese version of the OAS was developed, and its reliability and validity were examined using Item Response Theory (IRT).ResultsA survey was conducted with university students (N = 199). Exploratory factor analysis of the results indicated a significantly high factor loading on the first factor, which was identical to the original version of the scale as well as high internal consistency. Moreover, the results confirmed that each item had adequate discrimination and information levels, suggesting that external shame could be discriminated against with high accuracy for a wide range of relatively low and relatively high external shame groups. These results suggest that the OAS could be used to screen external shame as a stress factor and to assess intervention effects.

Highlights

Shame can be a social event or a private feeling linked to our judgments of our feelings, ability to fantasize, and characteristics
The other type is “external shame,” which is associated with the following tendencies: being worried that others would see the self as uninteresting or boring and, the self would be rejected or excluded from valuable relationships [11]
External shame is caused by the consciousness of others, that is, the concept that the self is negatively evaluated by others, which is correlated with depression [12], one’s body image related to eating disorders [6], and one’s self-image related to social anxiety disorders [13]

Summary

Results

Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted using the principal factor method, which indicates that the contribution of the first factor was 52.86% (eigenvalue = 9.72), the second factor was 6.78% (eigenvalue = 1.22), and the third factor was 5.73% (eigenvalue = 1.03) These results confirmed that that scale had a one-factor structure based on the high contribution ratio of the first factor and the differences in eigenvalues. The mean discrimination parameter is observed to be 1.3 (0.70–2.0) with no extreme dispersion, Item 4 (0.70) and Item 11 (0.73) had relatively low values compared with the other items. These results indicated that each item had middle or very high discrimination.

Introduction

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Discussion

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