Abstract
Translating, culturally adapting and validating the Italian version of the Pain Stages of Change Questionnaire (PSOCQ-I) to allow its use with Italian-speaking patients with low back pain. The PSOCQ-I was developed by forward-backward translation, a final review by an expert committee and a test of the prefinal version to establish its correspondence with the original English version. Psychometric testing included confirmatory factor analysis, reliability by internal consistency (Cronbach's α) and test-retest reliability (intraclass coefficient correlation), and construct validity by comparing PSOCQ-I with the Pain Catastrophising Scale (PCS), the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK), the Roland Morris Disability Scale (RMDQ), a pain Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (Pearson's correlation). The questionnaire was administered to 308 patients with chronic low back pain. Factor analysis confirmed a four-factor solution (namely, Precontemplation, Contemplation, Action, and Maintenance), achieving an acceptable data-model fit. Internal consistency (α=0.91-93) and test-retest reliability (intraclass coefficient correlation=0.74-0.81) were satisfactory. Construct validity showed moderate correlations between Precontemplation and PCS (r=0.318), TSK (r=0.385), RMDQ (r=0.320) and NRS (r=0.335); low correlations were found between the other PSOCQ subscales and PCS (r=-0.062; 0.039), TSK (r=-0.164; 0.024), RMDQ (r=-0.073; 0.004) and NRS (r=-0.170; 0.020). Low correlations were found between the PSOCQ-I subscales and anxiety (r=-0.132; 0.150) and depression (r=-0.113; 0.186). The PSOCQ was translated successfully into Italian, and proved to have a good factorial structure and psychometric properties that replicated the results of other versions. Its use is recommended for research purposes.
Highlights
Low back pain (LBP) is one of the leading causes of disability and reduction of quality of life in adults
Patients with chronic LBP may differ in their readiness to adopt self-management approaches, expected to facilitate their willingness to participate in multidisciplinary programmes (Glenn and Burns, 2003; Newman et al, 2004)
On the basis of the Pain Readiness to Change Model (Jensen et al, 2003), derived from the Transtheoretical Model of Behaviour Change (Prochaska and DiClemente, 1982), the Pain Stages of Change Questionnaire (PSOCQ) assesses different levels of readiness to change and characterizes individuals with respect to their approach to their pain concern: precontemplation, contemplation, action and maintenance
Summary
Low back pain (LBP) is one of the leading causes of disability and reduction of quality of life in adults. It has a prevalence of about 23%, with 11–12% of the population being disabled because of chronic symptoms. Patients with chronic LBP may differ in their readiness to adopt self-management approaches, expected to facilitate their willingness to participate in multidisciplinary programmes (Glenn and Burns, 2003; Newman et al, 2004). To investigate patient engagement in behavioural change, Kerns et al (1997) proposed a model for conceptualizing the process of adopting a self-management approach to chronic pain, the Pain Stages of Change Questionnaire (PSOCQ). On the basis of the Pain Readiness to Change Model (Jensen et al, 2003), derived from the Transtheoretical Model of Behaviour Change (Prochaska and DiClemente, 1982), the PSOCQ assesses different levels of readiness to change and characterizes individuals with respect to their approach to their pain concern: precontemplation (i.e. belief that management of pain is the responsibility of medical professionals), contemplation (i.e. consideration of adopting a selfmanagement approach but reluctance to give up pursuit of a medical solution), action (i.e. beginning attempts to improve self-management skills) and maintenance
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
