Development of the integrated integrating sphere cold atom clock**Project supported by the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61875215, 61727821, and 11604353).

Abstract

We develop an integrated integrating sphere cold atom clock (ISCAC), which mainly consists of physical package, laser system, microwave source, and electronics. This compact system is more stable and reliable than the previous version. The experimental results show that the short term frequency stability of and 2.9 × 10−15 at 1-day integrating time are achieved.