Abstract
Artificial diet is suitable for rearing the elm spanworm, Ennomos subsignarius (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), a defoliator of hardwoods. Survival and fecundity are intermediate for spanworms reared on artificial medium between those on foliage of two natural hosts: pignut hickory, Carya glabra (Mill.) Sweet, and white oak, Quercus alba L. Development proceeds normally, except for some wing crumpling in males. Most rapid development and heaviest pupal weight result from feeding on pignut hickory, artificial diet, and white oak, in that order. Artificial diet is much less labor-intensive than seedlings for raising larvae, it is prepared on short notice, and requires no synchronization with larval hatch.
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