Development of the design and justification of the parameters of the distribution head of the pneumatic fertilizer seeder

Abstract

To ensure a high yield of agricultural crops, a high accuracy of the distribution of mineral fertilizers and compliance with the specified application rates are required. Agrotechnical requirements for uneven distribution along the width of fertilizers - 10%, deviation from the application dose - 10%. Failure to comply with these requirements leads to uneven plant development, increased soil pollution, and a decrease in crop yields. The use of machines with centrifugal spreaders with an irregularity of 20% … 25% application, leads to a decrease in yield by 20%. In contrast to disc centrifugal spreaders, rod and pneumatic seed drills have less uneven application. The simplest design solution is for fertilizer seeders with a pneumatic seeding system of central metering. The main reason for the irregularity of fertilization along the length of the run is the formation of flow cores, which is a consequence of a change in the air flow rate with a constructive change in the cross-section of the air ducts. The design of the pneumatic distribution system of the fertilizer seeder is proposed, which provides a constant channel section in the distribution head and a high uniformity of fertilizer distribution over the feeding area. As a result of the theoretical studies, the optimal parameters of the distribution head of the pneumatic system were determined, the dependences of individual structural elements on the channel cross-sectional area, the number of pipelines and the angle of inclination of the head base were obtained. The purpose of the research is to develop the design and substantiate the parameters of the pneumatic distribution system of the fertilizer seeder, the use of which will reduce the uneven distribution of fertilizers over the field and prevent the destruction of granulates during their transportation from the metering unit to the openers.