Abstract
Data herein reported and discussed refer to vaccination with the recombinant fatty acid binding protein (FABP) family member of the schistosomes, called Sm14. This antigen was discovered and developed under a Brazilian platform led by the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, from the Health Ministry in Brazil, and was assessed for safety and immunogenicity in healthy volunteers. This paper reviews past and recent outcomes of developmental phases of the Sm14-based anti schistosomiasis vaccine addressed to, ultimately, impact transmission of the second most prevalent parasitic endemic disease worldwide.
Highlights
Schistosomiasis is considered by the World Health Organization to be 1 of 17 neglected tropical diseases [1]
We present the evolution of the Sm14 antischistosome vaccine from the initial gene cloning to the results of the recently completed phase I clinical trials
The experimental background for the development of antischistosome vaccines lies with the use of animal models of infection that showed that an initial parasite infection resulted in partial immunity against re-infection [9,10,11]
Summary
Schistosomiasis is considered by the World Health Organization to be 1 of 17 neglected tropical diseases [1]. The underlying reason for this “rebound morbidity” is unclear, but is thought to be due to an interruption of the natural down-regulating process of specific immunological mechanisms typical for this disease. This outcome results from the typically high-level re-infection after chemotherapy and is a direct result of chemotherapy being primarily directed against morbidity and less against transmission of the disease. This effect needs to be taken seriously, as the observed aggravated gross symptoms reflect long-term pathology, which is difficult to remedy [8]. We present the evolution of the Sm14 antischistosome vaccine from the initial gene cloning to the results of the recently completed phase I clinical trials
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