Abstract
The success of the application of granular fertilizers (GFs) in planting rows depends on the uniformity and performance of product dispensing systems, which are influenced by external factors. The objective of this study was to determine the outflow rates of two GF formulations (GF1 04-14-08 and GF2 04-30-10) using three types of fertilizer spreader-with one spiral roller (A), two spiral rollers (B), or a fluted roller (C)-and three operating speeds (1,11, 1.94, and 2.77 m s-1). The following parameters were determined in GFs: density, angle of repose, water content, and segregation (particle size). In the designed test bench, GFs were transferred from a reservoir to a spreader, and ultimately to a container, where they were weighed, and data were transmitted to the data acquisition system (DAS). A total of 7,560 outflow data points were collected (g s-1) and subjected to descriptive analysis of measures of central tendency, dispersion, asymmetry, and kurtosis, and Shewhart control charts were generated. Particle density and segregation were significantly different between the GFs, whereas the angle of repose and water content were not significantly different. The bench design and the DAS allowed measuring the outflow of GFs in different spreaders and demonstrated that this parameter was influenced by particle segregation. The segregation of GF1 was higher than that of GF2. The outflow variability at the speed of 1.11 m s-1 was lower, and the spreader with a fluted roller had the highest uniformity and was the most suitable for application with variable rates.
Highlights
In recent years, agricultural production in Brazil has increased significantly with the adoption of new technologies
Central tendency was different between GF1 and GF2 in the three types of fertilizer spreaders
Spreader Spiral Single presented asymmetry between 0.21 and 0.10 for GF1 and GF2, suggesting that the curve was skewed to the right, given that the median was lower than the mean
Summary
Agricultural production in Brazil has increased significantly with the adoption of new technologies. Increased production is primarily attributed to improvements in agricultural technologies and management practices, including the use of direct sowing techniques and genetic improvement sit [1]. In this scenario, the demand for granular fertilizers (GFs). Development of test bench to determine the distribution of granular fertilizers in planting rows
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