Development of Taking in the Good Based-Bibliotherapy Intervention Program in the Female Adolescent Depression Treatment

Abstract

Adolescent depression is a severe mental health crisis and about 15% of adolescents are subject to a major depressive disorder (Young, Miller & Khan, 2010; Auerbach & Ho, 2012). Depression is related to remarkable hindrances in a person's overall functioning. Moreover, it enhances an increased risk of future serious depressive episodes and other related mental health confusion. The adverse outcomes, associated with adolescent depression (Ferguson & Woodward, 2002), are startling because of a direct pathway linking depression in adolescence to increased risk of later depression and anxiety'. Sex difference in depression is negligible prior to adolescence but there is a dramatic increase of depression in the prevalence, severity', and recurrence between the ages of 12 and 15 among girls (Hilt & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2009). It has been a question of interest among mental health professionals formally decades why girls are more affected than boys. Hyde and Mezulis (2008) proposed the Affect, Biology and Cognition (ABC) Model of Depression to identify depression in adolescent girls from a truly integrated developmental perspective in which affective, biological and cognitive vulnerabilities generate a form of cascade effect leading to adolescent depression and which should be a critical framework. Kerig, Ludlow, andWenar (2012) observed that biology comes back into play when early developing girls experience interpersonal stressors such as peer teasing and sexual harassment, which are the gender-specific forms of life stress that provoke a most recent element in this model. For girls with a basic propensity to depression, these negative experiences can upset the balance and act on their emotional and cognitive vulnerabilities to produce an ideal breeding ground for depression.World Health Organization (WHO) showed that the Philippines has the highest incidence of depression in South East Asia with 93 suicides for every 100,000 Filipinos. Department of Health (DOH) found that 15 out of 900 teenagers tried to commit suicide (DOH, 2015). Among the students surveyed in the Global School-based Health Survey in 2003-2004 (GSHS), 42% had felt sad or hopeless for two weeks or more during the past year; 17.15% had seriously considered committing suicide and 16.7% had actually made a plan about how they would do it. Moreover, females were more than twice as likely as males to have suicidal thoughts. CalmaBalderrama (2004) found that adolescents are at risk of major difficulty in the Philippines where Young people (aged 10-24) will number 32 million by 2025. Hindin and Gultiano (2006) stated that in the Philippines domestic violence is a major stressor causing the onset of depression among adolescents. Chakkyath (2012) emphasized the fact that the modem Filipino family undergoes various changes and transitions including marital separation and that the number of single parent families is increasing rapidly.Weisz, McCarty, and Valeri (2006) consider depression in children and adolescents tobe a significant, persistent, andrecurrent public health problem that undermines social and school functioning, generates severe family stress, and calls for significant assistance from the mental health services. In the psychotherapy treatment for depression, relevant models are found to be effective for adolescents and adults. The Behavioral Activation Model (BAM) is recurrently a top priority in treatment because depression is seen as a loss of response support. Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IP) offers a skill-building approach to specific forms of primary interpersonal issues such as grief, role disputes, role transitions and interpersonal deficits. Self-Management Therapy (SMT) addresses the six deficits in self control behavior of depressed persons or persons prone to depression (Rehm, 2010). According to Power (2013) Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a helpful intervention for depression and is the treatment of choice for many groups. …