Abstract
Solar cosmic-ray flares are always followed by intense sudden ionospheric disturbances (SID). By examining the developing process of SID's, some problems such as the characteristics of cosmic-ray flares and associated X-ray emissions and the generation of high-energy particles are investigated.The nature of cosmic-ray flares is closely related to some observed characteristics of solar cosmic-rays and the developing process of SID's.The emission process of solar flare X-rays and its relation to the acceleration of energetic particles are considered.
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