Abstract
Developing a gauge-discharge relationship in rivers, canals, and minor flow is vital for controlling floods, managing water resources, Spatio-temporal analysis, socio-economic development, and sustaining the ecosystem. Accurate and consistent data of irrigation networks are perilous to scheduling and managing for accurate application of irrigation water. Most of the hydrologic engineering activities like hydraulics structure, designs, flood monitoring, surplus water, reservoir, canal, and minor’s operation depend on flowing water derived from Rating Curve (RC). The effective management of irrigation water is necessary for crop water requirements and seepage losses estimation. In this context, the present study showed the actual field level work tested at two minors of the Ghotki feeder canal namely Pyaro minor and Dilwaro minor. The main object of the study is to develop gauge-discharge relation and development of RC and Rating Table (RT). The current meter was used for taking discharge measurements with the area velocity technique in both minors. Moreover, stage-discharge RC and RT were developed for different flows of water for both minors in Origin Software. From the calculated results, Power equations were developed for both minors for the actual requirement of crop water in the command area. The results of the study calculated in RT of Piyaro minor between 0.5-5ft stage gave discharge 0.053 cusecs to 90.616 cusecs. While the RT of Dilwaro minor showed the range between 0.5ft-4ft stage gave 26.575cusec to 168.888 cusecs. Hence, the present study suggested that for both minors, automatic gauging stations should be established for the actual demand of irrigation water in the command area and di-siltation should be done on both minors to make availability of water at the tail section.
Highlights
The discharge of rivers, canals, small irrigation networks, and their water level observation is an essential issue in hydrologic modeling
Three sets of discharges were measured at the head of the Piyaro minor approximately 150ft away from the gates due to the fluctuation of flowing water
The current meter was used for discharge measurement
Summary
The discharge of rivers, canals, small irrigation networks, and their water level observation is an essential issue in hydrologic modeling. Human activity in the hydrologic regime may affect the natural flow of water and the ecological system and disturb the accessibility of water resources. Canals, distributaries, and minors are scrutinized by the technologically advanced countries for better management, allocation of water resources (Barrows 1998). In developing countries, these resources of water are understudied like Pakistan. Pakistan is blessed with an intricate irrigation network consisting of a wide network of rivers, canals, minors, distributaries, and watercourses. The challenging job of the Hydraulics Engineer is to determine the flow rate (Discharge) in a river, canal, channel, and distributaries for various purposes. For the monitoring of streamflow at a hydrometric station, the easiest and common technique is to develop the stage-discharge or rating curve (Rantz, 1982; Schmidt, 2002) which is used to convert continuously recorded water levels into discharge time series
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