Abstract
This review aims to give more understanding of the selection and development of oxygen carrier materials for chemical looping. Chemical looping, a rising star in chemical technologies, is capable of low CO2 emissions with applications in the production of energy and chemicals. A key issue in the further development of chemical looping processes and its introduction to the industry is the selection and further development of an appropriate oxygen carrier (OC) material. This solid oxygen carrier material supplies the stoichiometric oxygen needed for the various chemical processes. Its reactivity, cost, toxicity, thermal stability, attrition resistance, and chemical stability are critical selection criteria for developing suitable oxygen carrier materials. To develop oxygen carriers with optimal properties and long-term stability, one must consider the employed reactor configuration and the aim of the chemical looping process, as well as the thermodynamic properties of the active phases, their interaction with the used support material, long-term stability, internal ionic migration, and the advantages and limits of the employed synthesis methods. This review, therefore, aims to give more understanding into all aforementioned aspects to facilitate further research and development of chemical looping technology.
Highlights
The global mean surface temperature of the Earth is increasing since the late 19th century [1]
This review aims to give more understanding of the selection and development of oxygen carrier materials for chemical looping
When the goal of the process is energy production, the fuel is converted to total oxidation products (CO2 and H2O), and the oxygen-depleted solid must be regenerated by the O2 in aCiart.alTyshtse2p02r0o,c1e0s, sx FisOtRhPeEnEkRnRoEwVInEWas chemical looping combustion (CLC)
Summary
The global mean surface temperature of the Earth is increasing since the late 19th century [1]. The IPCC states that limiting global warming to less than 2 ◦C relative to preindustrial levels would require substantial cuts in anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions by mid-century through large scale changes in energy systems. These substantial cuts in anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions can be achieved by rapidly accelerating improvements in energy efficiency and by significantly increasing the share of zero- and low carbon energy supplies from renewable, nuclear, and fossil energy with carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) by the year 2050 [2]. One potential technology where energy and chemical production can be achieved in a sustainable way with integrated CO2 capture without significant energy efficiency losses is chemical looping [10,15,16]
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