Abstract
Objective: The present study was aimed to develop metronidazole (MNZ) loaded poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) based mucoadhesive nanoparticles (NPs) in prolonged treatment in periodontitis.
 Methods: Nanoparticles were prepared by using single (SE) and double (DE) emulsion method to determine the suitability of methods. Prepared NPs were evaluated for surface morpholgy, mean particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, mucoadhesion ability and invitro-drug release,
 Results: SEM images confirmed that NPs were of spherical shape and smooth surface. Mean particle size, of MNZ loaded NPs were found 583.28±18.22 and 872.72±63.18 prepared by SE and DE method. Similarly, polidispersity index (0.68±0.1 and 0.83±0.06) and zeta potention (-33.29±0.7 and-31.28.0.6) was found in acceptable range. Prepared NPs were surface treated with Sodium alginate (SA) to increase mucoadhesive property. It was observe that particles remain adhere till 24 hr with biological membrane. Prepared NPs allow release of MNZ upto 24 h in sustained manner.
 Conclusion: This study confirms that the prepared MNZ loaded NPs may be used as an better alternate with addition application such as prolonged action thus improved patient compliance.
Highlights
Natural or synthetic polymers have wide applications by making system bioadhesive or mucoadhesive thereby extending the retention time
The common oral lesions such as aphthous ulceration can be treated via buccal cavity and the periodontium, where destructive periodontal diseases might benefit from improved therapeutics
The presence of mucoadhesive polymer on the surface of poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) NPs can modulate the interfacial property of the carrier and can positively influence the application potentialities both in terms of mucoadhesion and improved drug permeation. For this reason we investigated the possibility of coating the surface of MNZ loaded NPs with sodium alginate as mucoadhesive polymers by simple adsorption process [6]
Summary
Natural or synthetic polymers have wide applications by making system bioadhesive or mucoadhesive thereby extending the retention time. This concept of prolonged retention can be utilized for drug delivery systems for localized periodontal therapy by retention on the mucosal surface and controlled drug release at the site of action. The prospects of bioadhesion encompass prolonged drug delivery, localized therapy, targeting of specific tissues and a close contact with the substrate [1, 2]. Buccal tissues and periodontium are the potential sites for localized and topical drug delivery. The common oral lesions such as aphthous ulceration can be treated via buccal cavity and the periodontium, where destructive periodontal diseases might benefit from improved therapeutics. Several studies have recently suggested that mucoadhesive polymers might be useful for periodontal pocket therapy for longer retention of formulation at its desire site [3, 4]
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