Abstract
Biomass gasification mainly involves a process whereby agricultural residues or biomass are subjected to partial combustion for the biomass to undergo pyrolysis and reduction, thereby releasing its gaseous component such as hydrogen, carbon-dioxide and methane. Past studies have laid emphasis on the need to study the effect of moisture content and biomass types on the rate of gasification and gasifier efficiency. This study focused on the development of a downdraft gasifier for production of syngas using agricultural wastes as raw materials. The design of the Imbert type downdraft gasifier was based on specific gasification rate, called hearth load Gh, nozzle air blast velocities, throat inclination angle, air inlet diameter and size of reduction zone. The developed gasifier consisted of a reactor, cyclone and filtration unit of 0.006, 0.016, and 0.006 m3 capacities respectively. The testing and evaluation of the designed gasifier showed adequate capacity for biomass treatment by pyrolysis. The fabricated gasifier also showed high efficiency in the pyrolysis of the selected biomasses and the product yields are appreciable. The development and use of such gasifier especially for the treatment of other agricultural wastes is hereby solicited.
Highlights
In recent years, biomass energy has gain a lot of attention due to its great potential of contributing to sustainable energy development [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
Biomass gasification mainly involves a process whereby agricultural residues or biomass are subjected to partial combustion for the biomass to undergo pyrolysis and reduction, thereby releasing its gaseous component such as hydrogen, carbon-dioxide and methane
A downdraft gasifier usually consists of four sequential zones, i.e. drying zone, pyrolysis zone, combustion zone, and reduction zone, respectively, among which the reduction zone is responsible for syngas production [22]
Summary
Biomass energy has gain a lot of attention due to its great potential of contributing to sustainable energy development [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]. Among the various technologies that can be used for biomass combustion, fluidized beds are gradually emerging as the best due to their flexibility with respect to the type of fuel and high efficiency. Fixed bed gasifiers can be further divided into updraft [25] or downdraft [26] based on the gas flow direction. Tar content is much lower compared to that in an updraft gasifier, but the syngas has less calorific value [22]. A downdraft gasifier usually consists of four sequential zones, i.e. drying zone, pyrolysis zone, combustion zone, and reduction zone, respectively, among which the reduction zone is responsible for syngas production [22]
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