DEVELOPMENT OF SEMICONDUCTOR AND SUPERCONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGY AND FUTURE BIOSCIENCE

Abstract

The biosciences have rushed into a new era since international efforts to analyze the human genome were completed at the end of the 20th century. This remarkable achievement, along with modem advances in biotechnology, has given birth to the fields of gene diagnosis and gene therapy, and a series of other biosciences with new names such as pharmacogenetics, pharmacogenomics, proteomics, bioinformatics, nano biotechnology, etc. These sciences are all linked by a basic philosophy and common technology, collectively achieving a new scope of medical treatments using BioMEMS (Bio/Micro/Electro/Mechanical System)[1]. And since the current trend in science is to progress from the micro-world to the nano-world, applications of MEMS are gradually being replaced by NEMS, as in BioNEMS (Bio/Nano/Electro/Mechanical System) [2] (Table. 1). The new generation of biosciences requires technologies that are capable of analyzing and applying large volumes of data, collecting specific information on individual tissues, organs, or bodies, and building precision sensors that are highly sensitive and miniature in size. These complex technologies can only be achieved through dramatic advances in computer systems, discoveries of new biosensors, and the development of new biomaterials. This presentation will outline the ongoing developments in semiconductors and superconductivity for bioscientific applications (Fig. 1).