Development of Robust Chitosan–Silica Class II Hybrid Coatings with Antimicrobial Properties for Titanium Implants

Zach Gouveia,Hiran Perinpanayagam,Jesse Zhu

doi:10.3390/coatings10060534

Zach Gouveia, Hiran Perinpanayagam + Show 1 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10060534

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Journal: Coatings	Publication Date: May 30, 2020
Citations: 16	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Western University

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to develop robust class II organic–inorganic films as antibacterial coatings on titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) implants. Coating materials were prepared from organic chitosan (20–80 wt.%) coupled by 3-glycydoxytrimethoxysilane (GPTMS) with inorganic tetraethoxysilane (TEOS). These hybrid networks were imbedded with antimicrobial silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and coated onto polished and acid-etched Ti6Al4V substrates. Magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (13CMAS-NMR), attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and the ninhydrin assay, confirmed the presence and degree of covalent crosslinking (91%) between chitosan and GPTMS. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) identified surface roughness and microtopography on thin films and confirmed homogeneous distribution of elements throughout the coating. Cross-hatch and tensile adhesion testing demonstrated the robustness and adherence (15–20 MPa) of hybrid coatings to acid-etched titanium substrates. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli cultures and their biofilm formation were inhibited by all hybrid coatings. Antibacterial effects increased markedly for coatings loaded with AgNPs and appeared to increase with chitosan content in biofilm assays. These results are promising in the development of class II hybrid materials as robust and highly adherent antibacterial films on Ti6Al4V implants.

Highlights

Titanium and its alloys have been the material of choice for biomedical implants over the past half century
Pre-hydrolyzed TEOS was added to the solution of functionalized chitosan, and polycondensation of the network proceeded to occur through the formation of Si–O–Si linkages
Chitosan–silica class II hybrid materials were developed as thin film coatings for

Summary

Introduction

Titanium and its alloys have been the material of choice for biomedical implants over the past half century Their low specific weight, high strength to weight ratio and resistance to corrosion are features that make titanium the ideal bulk material for numerous clinical applications [1]. While implanted titanium materials are well received by the osseous and connective tissues of their host, microbial contamination of their surfaces and the surgical site can often lead to sustained infections and unfavorable patient outcomes. These implant-associated infections are currently a major cause of orthopedic and dental implant failures.

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