Abstract
Within the framework of this study, the first Russian-Chinese joint program for development of rice varieties with long-term blast resistance was launched on the basis of rice germplasm exchange and the subsequent comprehensive study of the obtained breeding samples, hybridization of Russian and Chinese varieties with specified traits. The genetic diversity of the Chinese rice samples obtained by exchange was studied by biological and morphological traits of plants, taxonomic belonging to a botanical variety, elements of the yield structure, and resistance to lodging. 31 hybrid combinations (F1) from the crossing of Russian and Chinese varieties were used to obtain the BC1 generation. The technologies of cultivation of isolated rice anthers in vitro have been optimized in relation to Chinese genotypes in order to accelerate the genetic stabilization of breeding material obtained from crossing. Phenotyping of Russian and Chinese breeding samples was carried out on the basis of resistance to the local population of the blast pathogen (Magnaporthe grisea (T.T. Hebert) M.E. Barr)), on natural and artificial infectious backgrounds. DNA identification of genes for blast resistance was carried out for the same breeding samples. Based on the experimental data obtained, promising samples were selected - prototypes of new rice varieties.
Highlights
Rice is the most important food crop in the world
The concentration of isolated DNA was determined spectrophotometrically according to the standard method (Maniatis T. et al, 1984), as well as by the intensity of DNA staining with ethidium bromide in an agarose gel (Osterman L.A., 1981)
We studied the responsiveness of Chinese rice genotypes with blast resistance genes Pigy8, Pita, Ptr to anther culture in vitro in order to obtain morphogenic callus lines and accelerate development of genetically stable DH lines with high morphological evenness by experimental haploidy
Summary
Rice is the most important food crop in the world. It feeds more than 3 billion people and provides more than 30% of the food calories consumed by humanity. Rice is sown in 115 countries on an area of 156-161 million hectares, the annual grain production in the world is about 650-680 million tons. In terms of yield and gross harvest, rice takes second place after corn among all grain crops. More than 50 % of the labor force of the agricultural sector of the planet is employed in rice growing. The demand for rice is growing every year, and, according to the FAO forecast, by 2020 it will reach 781 million tons, exceeding the demand for wheat by 2-3 %.
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