Abstract
The high-luminosity Large Hadron Collider (LHC) (HL-LHC) project is the upgrade of the LHC to increase its luminosity by a factor of 5 compared with the nominal value. The LHC injector upgrade (LIU) project aims at upgrading the LHC injector chain to reach the goal of the HL-LHC. The LIU project covers all injectors, that is, the Linac 4, proton synchrotron (PS) booster (PSB), PS, and super PS (SPS). In the PSB, the present ferrite-loaded RF accelerating systems will be replaced with magnetic alloy (Finemet)-loaded cavity systems. The cavity system allows the implementation of a cellular topology and the use of solid-state RF power amplifiers. The PSB will have 144 cavity cells and amplifiers, and each amplifier uses 17 high-power MOSFETs. The RF systems will be installed in the straight sections where the total ionization dose (TID) is 20 Gy(Si)/year, which may even increase after the upgrade. Research and development work has been performed to validate the use of solid-state amplifiers in this radioactive environment. In this article, we describe a technique to stabilize the solid-state amplifier up to the total dose of about 10 kGy. This technique will enable the use of solid-state amplifiers in even higher radiation environments. The higher sensitivity to the single-event effects (SEEs) of the laterally diffused metal-oxide semiconductors (LDMOS) than to that of the vertical metal–oxide–semiconductor (VMOS) devices is also reported.
Highlights
T HE Large Hadron Collider (LHC) injector upgrade (LIU) project [1], [2] includes the upgradation and consolidation of an RF system of the LHC injector chain to get ready for high-luminosity (HL)-LHC [3]
Following the tests at Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST)-Takasaki, the solid-state amplifier was shipped to CERN and the MOSFETs were replaced for testing at the CERN High-energy AcceleRator Mixedfield facility (CHARM) [27], [28]
These results suggest that the variation in the amplifier gain using VRF151 is dominated by the total doseeffect and it does not depend on the flux of neutrons and other particles
Summary
T HE Large Hadron Collider (LHC) injector upgrade (LIU) project [1], [2] includes the upgradation and consolidation of an RF system of the LHC injector chain to get ready for high-luminosity (HL)-LHC [3]. The present proton synchrotron (PS) booster (PSB) RF system consists of three different systems to cover the bandwidths for beam acceleration on h = 1, and the second-harmonic RF and higher harmonic RF for controlled longitudinal emittance blowup [4]. These systems occupy four straight sections in the booster. Since the radiation dose in the chosen PS area is about 1 kGy(Si)/year [13], the solid-state amplifiers are installed under the wideband RF cavity with an iron shielding.
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