Abstract
BackgroundThe awareness of symptoms and action towards heart attack and stroke is important to reduce the morbidity and mortality in both developed and developing countries. The aim of this study was to develop a questionnaire on awareness and action towards symptoms and risk factors of heart attack and stroke among lay public in Malaysia. The questionnaire was developed in both English and Bahasa Melayu.MethodsPrimarily the questions were generated in English. Face and content validity were performed by five experts in Pharmacy Practice and Medicine. A translation as per guidelines into Malay language was performed; followed by face-to-face interview of 96 lay public in Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. For internal consistency, reliability was assessed utilizing Cronbach’s alpha.ResultsThe mean ± SD of the awareness and action towards heart attack symptoms and risk factors was 65.52 ± 6.3, with a good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.75), whereas the mean of the awareness and action towards stroke symptoms and risk factors was 61.93 ± 7.11, with an accepted internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.86).ConclusionThe current validation research showed that the developed questionnaire is valid and reliable for assessing the awareness and action towards symptoms and risk factors of heart attack and stroke among lay public in Malaysia.
Highlights
The awareness of symptoms and action towards heart attack and stroke is important to reduce the morbidity and mortality in both developed and developing countries
The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that about 17.9 million individuals passed away due to Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in 2016, which accounted for 31% of all deaths in the world
To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first study in Malaysia to develop and validate Bahasa Melayu (BM) questionnaire to assess the awareness and action towards symptoms and risk factors of heart attack and stroke in lay public
Summary
The awareness of symptoms and action towards heart attack and stroke is important to reduce the morbidity and mortality in both developed and developing countries. The aim of this study was to develop a questionnaire on awareness and action towards symptoms and risk factors of heart attack and stroke among lay public in Malaysia. The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that about 17.9 million individuals passed away due to CVDs in 2016, which accounted for 31% of all deaths in the world. Out of this number, 85% (15.2 million) were attributed to heart attack and stroke [1].
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