Abstract
The Special Issue on climate indices and climate change deals with various kinds of indices exits to assess weather and climate over a region. These indices might be based on local, regional, remote variables, which may affect and define the weather and climate of a region. Climate indices are the time series used to monitor the state of the climate and its relationship with other possible causes. With indices being myriad, it is challenging to choose which one is appropriate for a region of interest. However, the relationship between the indices and the climate of a region varies. El-Nino Southern Oscillation (Southern Oscillation Index, SOI/ENSO) is one of the most robust climate signals that stimulate rainfall, temperature, and hurricanes via teleconnections. SOI has a correlation of 0.5 over the Indonesian archipelago. Here, some of the well-known indices Holiday Climate Index (HCI), Tourism Climate Index (TCI), and Simple Diversity Index (SDI) are being reconnoitered to understand the holiday-tourism, end-of-the-day (EOD) judgment. The intrusion of dry air in the middle troposphere can create unstable weather, leading to heavy precipitation. The Special Issue seeks to encourage researchers to discover new indices in multidisciplinary department of atmospheric and physical sciences.
Highlights
Most of the indices are based on one variable or a combination of two variables
The results show a significant correlation between
The annual temperature increased by ~2 °C over six regions in southern China, while precipitation did not show any such trend
Summary
Most of the indices are based on one variable or a combination of two variables (e.g., geopotential height, precipitation, pressure, and temperature). Indices are a well-known tool and have proven fundamental importance in understanding global teleconnection patterns ENSO, IOD, and El-Nino indices have been widely used to predict south Asian monsoonal rainfall. E.g., lighting in tropical cyclones, cloud microphysics, the hydrology of extreme rainfall events, air quality, sea-level rise due to ice melt, and changing ecology of polar regions, have the opportunity to construct and redefine the indices. Multi-disciplinary disciplines may help Atmosphere one to better understand climate change using indices from their field. Southern Oscillations (ENSO), and Pacific Decadal Oscillations (PDO) are the differences between sea level pressure over the selected location. Multi-disciplinary disciplines may help one of to Climate better understand
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