Abstract
The optimal design of water distribution systems (WDSs) should be economical, consider practical field applicability, and satisfy hydraulic constraints such as nodal pressure and flow velocity. However, the general optimal design of a WDSs approach using a metaheuristic algorithm was difficult to apply for achieving pipe size continuity at the confluence point. Although some studies developed the design approaches considering the pipe continuity, these approaches took many simulation times. For these reasons, this study improves the existing pipe continuity search method by reducing the computation time and enhancing the ability to handle pipe size continuity at complex joints that have more than three nodes. In addition to more practical WDSs designs, the approach considers various system design factors simultaneously in a multi-objective framework. To verify the proposed approach, the three well-known WDSs to apply WDS design problems are applied, and the results are compared with the previous design method, which used a pipe continuity research algorithm. This study can reduce the computation time by 87% and shows an ability to handle complex joints. Finally, the application of this practical design technique, which considers pipe continuity and multiple design factors, can reduce the gap between the theoretical design and the real world because it considers construction conditions and abnormal situations.
Highlights
Water distribution systems (WDSs) are one of the fundamental social factors for reliably supplying the water required for all human activities in modern society
This study proposes an improvement of the practical design technique with pipe connectivity constraints for efficient water distribution systems (WDSs) construction under a multi-objective optimization framework
This study aims to improve time efficiency and reasonably consider pipe continuity based on flow at the confluence point
Summary
Water distribution systems (WDSs) are one of the fundamental social factors for reliably supplying the water required for all human activities in modern society. Yoo et al [10] concluded that when the optimal cost design of real-world WDSs is used by the metaheuristic algorithms, it does not satisfy the pipe size continuity of pipes, and its practical applicability declines They emphasized that if the optimal cost design is performed with the consideration of hydraulic constraints such as nodal water pressure and flow rate in pipes, the neighbor pipe diameter may have abnormal unevenness (e.g., a concave–convex pattern) of flow direction. If the design did not satisfy the pipe size continuity, it had low practical applicability for the WDSs construction [11] These studies improved the drawback of the design approach that used the metaheuristic optimization algorithm, which determines the abnormal concave–convex pipe diameter pattern based on the objective function, e.g., minimum cost. The application of this practical design technique, which considers pipe continuity and multiple design factors, can reduce the gap between the real-world and theoretical design by accounting for construction conditions and abnormal situations
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