Development of Portable Weather Observation System

Abstract

In the event of a large-scale forest fire, the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA)’s weather observation vehicles are deployed to obtain weather information necessary for extinguishing the fire. However, due to the limited number of vehicles and the environment to enter the field, it is difficult to observe the point where the information is actually needed. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a weather observation system that is easy to transport and install in the field. We developed a 'portable weather observation system' that can be easily utilized by anyone, even if the KMA does not support weather observation vehicles and their operators at the disaster site.  - [Transport] Weight and size that can be easily carried by one adult in a suitcase (or backpack). - [Installation] Attached to a steel plate, such as the top of a vehicle without any additional components. If this is not possible, a tripod can be utilized for installation. - [Operation] Real-time storage, display, and transmission of observation data - [Information] Location of the observation site (latitude, longitude and altitude) and weather variables (temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, and wind direction*∙wind speed) of the observation site.  * Corrected regardless of the system's installation orientation The prototype consists of a weather observation sensor, two GPS antennas, a tripod, a data processing/storage/display unit, and a power supply unit, and the total weight of the components including the suitcase (10 kg) is 20 kg. The weather observation sensor used is the Vaisala WXT-536, which can observe weather variables. Two GPS antennas were used to determine the location of the sites and correct the wind direction observed by the sensor. The system can be directly utilized by the Korea Forest Service (KFS) and the National Fire Agency (NFA) for initial extinguishment of wildfires. By applying weather observation data transmitted in real-time from the field to numerical forecasting models, the KMA can provide more accurate weather forecasts back to the field. In the future, we plan to improve the prototype by utilizing an inexpensive sensor and lightweight and long-lasting batteries to reduce the cost and weight as well as increase the operating time.