Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has become a global pandemic. The deleterious effects of coronavirus have prompted the development of diagnostic tools to manage the spread of disease. While conventional technologies such as quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) have been broadly used to detect COVID-19, they are time-consuming, labor-intensive and are unavailable in remote settings. Point-of-care (POC) biosensors, including chip-based and paper-based biosensors are typically low-cost and user-friendly, which offer tremendous potential for rapid medical diagnosis. This mini review article discusses the recent advances in POC biosensors for COVID-19. First, the development of POC biosensors which are made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), papers, and other flexible materials such as textile, film, and carbon nanosheets are reviewed. The advantages of each biosensors along with the commercially available COVID-19 biosensors are highlighted. Lastly, the existing challenges and future perspectives of developing robust POC biosensors to rapidly identify and manage the spread of COVID-19 are briefly discussed.
Highlights
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (Chen L. et al, 2020; Hu et al, 2020)
To further simplify the processes, a semi-automated, fully disposable and integrated paper-based biosensor has been developed (Tang et al, 2017c). This integrated biosensor consists of a paper-based valve and a sponge-based reservoir to extract nucleic acids from crude samples, a portable battery and a heater integrated into the platform for isothermal amplification as well as a lateral flow test strip for colorimetric detection
This review article discusses the POC biosensors that made of PDMS, paper and other flexible materials such as textile, film, and carbon nanosheets for rapid diagnosis of COVID-19
Summary
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (Chen L. et al, 2020; Hu et al, 2020). With the advances in POC testing, chip-based [e.g., polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) biosensors] and paper-based biosensors [e.g., lateral flow test strips or three-dimensional (3D) paper-based microfluidic biosensors] have been developed for rapid diagnosis of infectious diseases (Choi et al, 2017; Yew et al, 2018; Zhang et al, 2019) They are widely used to detect antibodies, antigens or nucleic acids in crude samples such as saliva, sputum, and blood based upon colorimetric, fluorescent, or electrochemical detection approaches. A study has developed a sample-to-answer “lab-on-adisc” biosensor (Loo et al, 2017) This PDMS-based biosensor consists of multiple channels that allows automated nucleic acid extraction, isothermal amplification [loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)] and real time signal detection. COVID-19 IgM-IgG rapid test (BioMedomics) qSARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM rapid test (Cellex)
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