Development of oriented morphology and tensile properties upon superdawing of solution-spun fibers of ultra-high molecular weight poly(acrylonitrile)

Abstract

The uniaxial drawing of UHMW-PAN fibers spun from a dilute solution into methanol coagulation baths at different temperatures and the resultant structure and tensile properties of the drawn products were studied. Although the initial morphology of the fibers and the deformation mode in a lower draw ratio (DR t) range were significantly dependent on the temperatures of the coagulation bath, the tensile properties at a given DR t, as well as the maximum achieved ones, were comparable. Both the tensile modulus and strength increased steadily with the DR t and reached 35 and 1.8 GPa, respectively, at the highest DR t of ∼80. These tensile properties are among the highest ever reported for PAN fibers. The achievement of such high tensile properties for extremely drawn fibers is ascribed to the conformational changes of crystalline chains from the 3/1 helix to the planar-zigzag with increasing DR t, the improvement in the uniformity of the fiber diameter along the fiber axis, and the decrease in fiber diameter. Indeed, the tensile strength of fibers prepared from a dilute solution and having comparable moduli increased with a decrease in the fiber diameters. The reciprocal of the strength was proportional to the square root of the diameter as suggested by the Griffith theory. Extrapolation to a zero diameter yielded an ultimate tensile strength of 2.4±0.1 GPa for a fiber having a maximum achieved tensile modulus of 35±1 GPa.