Development of oral potentially malignant disorders in tobacco using population in Union Territory, Chandigarh – An observational study

Abstract

Introduction: Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) are characterized by suspicious mucosal changes in oral mucosa that predispose it to malignancy. It is a general consensus that OPMDs show higher risk of malignant changes within the first 5 years of diagnosis, if not promptly treated. Agreeably, tobacco is the most important etiological factor in this scenario. In our pilot study, we attempted to observe the frequency of OPMD in a cohort of tobacco users in Union Tertiary, Chandigarh. Materials and Methods: The study was undertaken in rehabilitation colonies under the Municipal Corporation Chandigarh using a household survey approach. The sociodemographic forms were filled out for the participants. Risk assessment was done on:-• Using tobacco in any form. • Presence of any chronic nonhealing ulcer. After obtaining the written informed consent, the oral pathologist conducted the visual inspection of oral cavity. The subjects with clinical lesions underwent vital staining using 1% toluidine blue. The results of the test were categorized as positive and negative staining. Demonstration of self-examination of the mouth was given to all the participants. Results: The results are mentioned in tables provided. Discussion: High prevalence of oral and oropharyngeal cancers in India is due to tobacco usage. Changes in oral tissues developing in tobacco consumers have greater potential for malignant transformation as those developing in nonconsumers. Conclusion: In conclusion, we attempted to put forth 3 A's i.e., Awareness, Action and Agreement.