Abstract
Despite the achievements in development of environmental biotechnologies, the total amount of waste is continuously increasing. Development of novel methodological approach is the only possible effective solution of problems. The aim was to develop the base of universal biotechnologies for effective treatment of all four classes of waste and obtain valuable products. To obtain biotechnologically promising results the method of thermodynamic prognosis of microbial interaction with toxic compounds (multi component food waste and filtrate, metal containing wastewater, radioactive waste) was developed. The following results of food waste degradation were obtained: time detention T=6 days, coefficient of waste destruction Kd=90; biohydrogen yield – 120 L from 1 kg of waste. Wastewater treatment provided purification from 10020 to 20 ppm of total Carbon and toxic metals. Purification of liquid radioactive waste allowed several orders decreasing its activity within 4-5 days. These biotechnologies are promising for their industrial implementation in order to stop pollution of environment and preserve ecosystems.
Highlights
There are several problems in the sphere of environment protection that do not have an effective solution in the world scale at present time
The composition of food waste includes concentrated polymeric compounds of plant and animal origin. Cardboard, plastic, they are natural compounds and they begin to rot within a couple of days. This is manifested in the spontaneous decay of polymers with the formation of whole spectrum of toxic liquid and gaseous products [27, 28, 85]
Modern physico-chemical and other biotechnologies do not provide effective neutralization of multi component food waste (MCFW), since their processing speed is much lower than the speed of their accumulation [6, 38, 49, 54, 56]
Summary
There are several problems in the sphere of environment protection that do not have an effective solution in the world scale at present time. Cardboard, plastic, they are natural compounds and they begin to rot within a couple of days. This is manifested in the spontaneous decay of polymers with the formation of whole spectrum of toxic liquid and gaseous products (fatty acids, alcohols, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, mercaptans, etc.) [27, 28, 85]. Methods of thermal utilization, including hydrothermal carbonization require significant energy costs, and lead to the release of toxic gaseous products into the environment [38, 49]
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