Abstract
Tribulus terrestris L., commonly called puncture vine and gokhru, is an important member of Zygophyllaceae. The species is highly important in context to therapeutic uses and provides important active principles responsible for treatment of various diseases and also used as tonic. It is widely distributed in tropical regions of India and the world. However, status of its genetic diversity remained concealed due to lack of research work in this species. In present study, genetic diversity and structure of different populations of T. terrestris from north India was examined at molecular level using newly developed Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers. In total, 20 primers produced 48 alleles in a size range of 100–500 bp with maximum (4) fragments amplified by TTMS-1, TTMS-25 and TTMS-33. Mean Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) and Marker Index (MI) were 0.368 and 1.01, respectively. Dendrogram showed three groups, one of which was purely containing accessions from Rajasthan while other two groups corresponded to Punjab and Haryana regions with intermixing of few other accessions. Analysis of molecular variance partitioned 76 % genetic variance within populations and 24 % among populations. Bayesian model based STRUCTURE analysis detected two genetic stocks for analyzed germplasm and also detected some admixed individuals. Different geographical populations of this species showed high level of genetic diversity. Results of present study can be useful in identifying diverse accessions and management of this plant resource. Moreover, the novel SSR markers developed can be utilized for various genetic analyses in this species in future.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13205-016-0469-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Highlights
Tribulus terrestris commonly known as puncture vine and Gokhru, belonging to family Zygophyllaceae, is an annual herbaceous plant
The average number of fragments detected per primer and, Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) and Marker Index (MI) values showed that newly developed and characterized marker proved useful in revealing polymorphism in different populations of T. terrestris
Genetic diversity and population structure related studies are severely lacking in this species
Summary
Tribulus terrestris commonly known as puncture vine and Gokhru, belonging to family Zygophyllaceae, is an annual herbaceous plant. The plant is native to the South and East Europe and West Asia. It is widely distributed in the warm regions of Asia, Africa, Europe, America and Australia (Topia et al 1994; Abeywickrama and Bean 1991; Kostova et al 2002). The species is commonly distributed throughout tropical and warmer regions of India. It occurs naturally in many Indian states with warm climate and reported from eastern, western, northern, southern and central parts of country (Mishra and Bisht 2012; Das and Ghosh 2014; Fatima et al 2014; Pandey 2014, 2015).
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