Development of novel lozenges tablets containing chloroform root extract of Adenodolichos paniculatus (hua) Hutch. & Dalz (Fabaceae)

Abstract

Medicinal plants have been widely used as a source of medicine to combat ailments including infectious disease and may constitute a reservoir of new antimicrobial substances to be developed. Adenodolichos paniculatus is a medicinal plant widely used for the traditional remedy of coughs, dysentery, diarrhea and sore throat infections. The aim of this study was to formulate Adenodolichos paniculatus chloroform root extract as a novel lozenge tablet and to evaluate their antibacterial and tablet parameters. Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used as the test bacteria. The extract was formulated into Lozenge tablets using wet granulation method with gelatin and sucrose as binder and diluent respectively. Uniformity of weight, hardness, friability, bacterial susceptibility tests were conducted on two batches of formulated Lozenges of 25 and 50 mg and a reference standard formulation, StrepsilsR, containing Amylmetacresol (0.6 mg) and 2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol (2 mg). Results showed that both batches passed the tablet weight uniformity test with mean crushing strengths of 10.4 and 13.1 KgF, respectively. S. pyogenes, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were susceptible to both batches with inhibition zones ranging from 18.00-25.50, 16.00-21.50 and 9.00-12.00 mm and 22.00-26.50, 20.50-23.00 and 10.00-13.00 mm respectively. The bacterial susceptibility compared favorably with the standard formulation as the difference between the inhibition zone diameters of each test bacteria and the standard formulation was not statistically significant (p˃0.05). The result indicated that there was a delayed release of the extract from the test lozenges with batch 1 (25 mg) being from 30 minutes and batch 2 (50 mg) from 60 minutes compared to that of the standard formulation which had immediate drug release at 5 minutes. The method used for the formulation and the sticky nature of the extract might not allow and promote the immediate release of the antibacterial extract from the dosage form.