Abstract
In this study, a three-dimensional chitosan-gelatin/nanohydroxyapatite (ChG/nHaP) scaffold was successfully fabricated and characterized in terms of swelling, degradation, cell proliferation, cell attachment, and mineralization characterizations. The ChG/nHaP scaffold was fabricated with a mean pore size of 100–180 μm. Our results showed that the physicochemical and biological properties of the scaffolds were affected by the presence of HaP. The swelling and degradation characteristics of the ChG scaffold were remarkably decreased by the addition of HaP. On the other hand, the presence of HaP remarkably improved the MC3T3-E1 cell attachment and cell growth in the scaffold membrane. The biocompatible nature of the ChG/nHaP scaffold leads to the development of finely scaled mineral deposits on the scaffold membrane. Thus, HaP played an important role in improving the biological performance of the scaffold. Therefore, the ChG/nHaP scaffold could be applied as a suitable material for bone tissue engineering applications.
Highlights
According to estimation, nearly 2.5 million bone-grafting procedures are performed every year across the world
We have selected a unique combination of chitosan, gelatin, and hydroxyapatite to make a scaffold
We presented an attempt to evaluate the suitability of composite scaffolds for the various bone tissue engineering applications
Summary
Nearly 2.5 million bone-grafting procedures are performed every year across the world. Surgeons and experts mainly use bone grafts or substitute materials [1, 2]. This is the beginning of bone tissue engineering wherein constant research is going to discover a novel nanomaterial that could be an ideal bone substitute [3]. It has been well known that the bone consists of inorganic materials such as hydroxyapatite and organic material such as collagen, osteocalcin, and osteopontin [4]. The inorganic components provide the brittleness and strength whereas the organic material provides the much need for elasticity. The extracellular matrix (ECM) of bone acts as a scaffolding material that allows the regeneration of bone [5, 6].
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