Abstract
This paper presents an electrode with a core/shell geometry and a unique four-layered porous wrinkled surface for pseudocapacitive supercapacitor applications. To design the electrode, Ni foam was used as a substrate, where the harmonious features of four constituents, ZnO (Z), NiS (N), PEDOT:PSS (P), and MnO2 (M) improved the supercapacitor electrochemical performance by mitigating the drawbacks of each other component. Cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge discharge measurements confirmed that the ZNPM hybrid electrode exhibited excellent capacitive properties in 2 M KOH compared to the ZNP, ZN, and solely Z electrodes. The ZNPM electrode showed superior electrochemical capacitive performance and improved electrical conductivity with a high specific capacitance of 2072.52 F g−1 at 5 mA, and a high energy density of 31 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 107 W kg−1. Overall, ZNPM is a promising combination electrode material that can be used in supercapacitors and other electrochemical energy conversion/storage devices.
Highlights
Electrical energy storage is a priority focus of many researchers due to the increasing demand for renewable energy sources and reducing CO2 emissions [1,2,3,4,5,6], as well as the increasing dependency on portable electronics, such as smart phones, iPads, laptops, and electrical vehicles, which require lithium-ion batteries [7,8,9]
Experiments conducted on the core/shell and binding materials, NiS/PEDOT:PSS (ZNPM), with a KOH electrolyte revealed them to be the best combination to improve the electrochemical performance of SCs
ZnO NRs were prepared by facile chemical bath deposition method (CBD) method
Summary
Electrical energy storage is a priority focus of many researchers due to the increasing demand for renewable energy sources and reducing CO2 emissions [1,2,3,4,5,6], as well as the increasing dependency on portable electronics, such as smart phones, iPads, laptops, and electrical vehicles, which require lithium-ion batteries [7,8,9]. Among the many metal oxide/hydroxide electrodes, RuO2 is the most well-known pseudocapacitive material with a specific capacitance as high as 1300 F g−1 [34,35,36]. Other oxides, such as ZnO and MnO2 , are inexpensive, nontoxic, environmentally friendly, and can be used in array-supported core/shell electrodes to enhance the power, energy density, and electron and ion diffusion [37,38,39,40,41,42]. Experiments conducted on the core/shell and binding materials, NiS/PEDOT:PSS (ZNPM), with a KOH electrolyte revealed them to be the best combination to improve the electrochemical performance of SCs
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