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Abstract
Geopolymers as aluminosilicate inorganic polymers and eco-friendly building materials which can be used as substrate for different kinds of composite. In this research, according to the fabrication of geopolymer based on bentonite as a substrate and embedment of NiFe2O4 nanoparticles in the construction of this polymer, the synthesis of a new magnetic nanocomposite (NiFe2O4/geopolymer) was investigated for the first time. In order to describe its chemistry and morphology features, different analyses such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images, Brunauer–Emmet–Teller adsorption–desorption isotherm, X-ray diffraction pattern, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and vibrating-sample magnetometer analysis were used. The application of this novel nanocatalyst was studied for one-pot three-component condensation reaction of substituted imidazole derivatives by accelerated ultrasonic irradiations. Compared to the other conventional catalysts which were used for the synthesis of imidazole derivatives, the green synthesis method for fabrication of this heterogeneous and magnetic nanocatalyst, its high thermal stability, being eco-friendly, noticeable efficiency and easy reusability have become privileges to be superior.
Highlights
Geopolymeric compounds as amorphous, three-dimensional alkali aluminosilicate binder materials were first introduced by Davidovits in 1978
Among different kinds of nanoparticle, N iFe2O4 nanoparticles as cubic ferromagnetic oxide with typical inverse spinel structure and exceptional magnetic and electromagnetic features[20] have been attracted lots of attention. These nanoscale particles have been utilized in many fields such as absorbent21, catalysts22, biosensors[23] and b iomedicine24,25 ; various techniques have been applied for the synthesis of nanoscale N iFe2O4 ferrites
According to the development of novel methodologies based on green chemistry approaches, the synthesis, characterization and in situ preparation of our proposed new nanocomposite, NiFe2O4/geopolymer based on sonochemistry technique was propounded; the fabrication of this new catalyst was carried out in two steps; the first step included the preparation and synthesis of NiFe2O4 nanoparticles by coprecipitation method and the second step by intercalation method consisted of the in situ preparation of geopolymer based on bentonite and addition of N iFe2O4 spinel to the synthetic reaction of geopolymer[44]
Summary
Geopolymeric compounds as amorphous, three-dimensional alkali aluminosilicate binder materials were first introduced by Davidovits in 1978. According to the development of novel methodologies based on green chemistry approaches, the synthesis, characterization and in situ preparation of our proposed new nanocomposite, NiFe2O4/geopolymer based on sonochemistry technique was propounded; the fabrication of this new catalyst was carried out in two steps; the first step included the preparation and synthesis of NiFe2O4 nanoparticles by coprecipitation method and the second step by intercalation method consisted of the in situ preparation of geopolymer based on bentonite and addition of N iFe2O4 spinel to the synthetic reaction of geopolymer[44].
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