Development of non-invasive methods and technical means for diagnosing posture disorders and spinal deformities

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to review the existing non-radiation methods and systems for diagnosing postural dis- orders and spinal deformities. Materials and research methods. Search for scientific articles on the database platforms „Web of Science“, „Scopus“, PubMed, Cochrane Library, eLIBRARY, CYBERLENINKA and using the Google Scholar search engine for keywords and phrases: three-dimensional gait analysis, dynamic sagittal balance, spinal kinematics, deformity spine, global sagittal alignment, degenerative lumbar kyphoscoliosis, posture, movement. Results. When analysing information on methods and systems for non-radiological diagnostics of postural disorders and spinal deformities, attention was primarily paid to the possibility of using such information for examination in dynamics; repeatability of results, their accuracy and reliability; correlation of the results of indirect determination of the Cobb angle to its true value, measured from the radiograph. An overview of the diagnostic possibilities and technical features using the methods of: moiré topography, raster stereography, laser scanning, three-coordinate electrogoniometry, portable (wearable) devices, marker video capture of motion. A compara- tive analysis of the methods of non-radiation diagnostics of spinal deformities is presented, considering their advantages and disadvantages. Conclusion. The method of marker video capture of motion is the closest to X-ray in terms of the reliability of the results of the assessment of the musculoskeletal system with the possibility of conducting tests in dynamics to assess the mobility of the spine, in the selection and adjustment of technical means of rehabilitation. But video analysis is characterized by the complexity of the survey, data processing and analysis. For long-term monitoring, portable devices are more suitable, but in terms of the reliability of diagnostic results, they are inferior to systems based on the motion capture method.