Abstract
Asymmetric membranes made from various polymers, such as cellulose acetate, polysulfone, polyamide, etc. by a phase inversion process are widely used today in ultra- and hyperfiltration. In spite of their good filtration properties, these membranes have certain short-comings as far as their selectivity and chemical stability are concerned. Considerable effort has therefore been spent in recent years to develop new membranes with better separation characteristics and better overall properties tailor-made for special applications. For desalination of sea- and brackish waters, e.g., composite membranes with better chemical stability and higher fluxes and salt rejection have been developed. For the treatment of certain industrial effluents, liquid membranes with carrier facilitated transport properties for certain metal ions are available today. Membrane preparation techniques are no longer limited to the phase inversion process; track etching procedures, plasma polymerization and radiation induced grafting are used today to produce membranes for various applications. The paper gives a review of recent developments in the preparation techniques of membranes and membrane materials.
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